Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete. Part II: Hydration and microstructure
Mahmoud H. Akeed, Shaker Qaidi, Hemn Unis Ahmed, Rabar H. Faraj, Ahmed Salih Mohammed, Wael Emad, Bassam A. Tayeh, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) refers to cement-based materials exhibiting a compressive strength higher than 150 MPa, high ductility, and excellent durability. Besides, over the last twenty years, remarkable advances have taken place in the research and application of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the durability characteristics of UHPC is essential to provide fundamental information for material testing requirements and procedures and expand its practical applications. Part I reviewed the developments, principles, and raw materials of the UHPFRC. This Part II covers the hydration and microstructure of the UHPFRC. Part III covers the fresh and hardened properties of the UHPFRC. Part IV covers the durability properties, cost assessment, applications, and challenges of the UHPFRC. This review is expected to advance the fundamental knowledge of UHPC and promote further research and applications of UHPC.