Tumor-derived exosomes: the next generation of promising cell-free vaccines in cancer immunotherapy
Marzieh Naseri, Mahmood Bozorgmehr, Margot Zöller, Ehsan Ranaei Pirmardan, Zahra Madjd
Abstract
and preclinical studies eliciting the potency of TEXs in inducing effective anti-tumor responses and recently modified strategies further improving TEX-vaccination efficacy. We interpret the available data as TEXs becoming a lead in cancer vaccination based on tumor antigen-selective high immunogenicity.
Topics & Concepts
Immune systemMicrovesiclesTumor microenvironmentImmunogenicityImmunotherapyCancer immunotherapyCancer researchAntigenCancerCancer vaccineMedicineVaccinationImmunologyBiologymicroRNABiochemistryGeneInternal medicineExtracellular vesicles in diseaseImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesRNA Interference and Gene Delivery