Potential mechanisms of some selected heavy metals in the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity
Abubakar Umar Anka, Abubakar Babangida Usman, Abubakar N Kaoje, Ramadan M Kabir, Aliyu Bala, Mandana Kazem Arki, Nikoo Hossein‐Khannazer, Gholamreza Azizi
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological event that protects tissues from infection and injury. Chronic inflammation causes immune cell over activation and sustained release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines cause pathologic conditions including autoimmune diseases. Heavy metals exposure affects innate and adaptive immune systems through triggering inflammatory responses. It seems that extended inflammatory responses could accelerate heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. In the present review we discuss the exposure route and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Vanadium (V) and Platinum (Pt) and their effects on inflammatory responses by innate and adaptive immune system and autoimmunity.