Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents May Present Pro-Longed Endothelium Injury
Paweł Kozłowski, Marcin Śmiarowski, Wiktoria Przyborska, Karolina Zemlik, Milena Małecka‐Giełdowska, Aleksandra Leszczyńska, Marzena Garley, Olga Ciepiela
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed a great threat to public health, healthcare systems and the economy worldwide. It became clear that, in addition to COVID-19 and acute disease, the condition that develops after recovery may also negatively impact survivors' health and quality of life. The damage inflicted by the viral infection on endothelial cells was identified quite early on as a possible mechanism underlying the so-called post-COVID syndrome. It became an urgent matter to establish whether convalescents present chronic endothelial impairment, which could result in an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic complications. METHODS: In this study, we measured the levels of CRP, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and syndecan-1 as markers of inflammation and endothelial injury in generally healthy convalescents selected from blood donors and compared these to a healthy control group. RESULTS: We found higher concentrations of E-selectin and a lower level of syndecan-1 in convalescents in comparison to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, it can be concluded that, at least 6 months after infection, there is only slight evidence of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 convalescents who do not suffer from other comorbidities related to endothelial impairment.