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Proton, deuteron and triton flow measurements in Au+Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}}}= 2.4$$ GeV

J. Adamczewski-Musch, O. Arnold, C. Behnke, A. Belounnas, J. C. Berger-Chen, A. Blanco, C. Blume, M. Böhmer, P. Bordalo, L. Chlad, I. Ciepał, C. Deveaux, J. Dreyer, E. Epple, L. Fabbietti, P. Filip, P. Fonte, C. Franco, J. Friese, I. Fröhlich, T. Galatyuk, J. A. Garzón, R. Gernhäuser, R. Greifenhagen, M. Gumberidze, S. Harabasz, T. Heinz, T. Hennino, S. Hlaváč, C. Höhne, R. Holzmann, B. Kämpfer, B. Kardan, I. Köenig, Wolfgang Köenig, M. Kohls, B. W. Kolb, G. Korcyl, G. Kornakov, F. Kornas, R. Kotte, A. Kugler, T. Kunz, R. Lalik, K. Lapidus, L. Lopes, M. Lorenz, T. Mahmoud, L. Maier, A. Malige, A. Mangiarotti, J. Markert, T. Matulewicz, S. Maurus, V. Metag, J. Michel, D. M. Mihaylov, C. Müntz, Robert Helmut Münzer, L. Naumann, K. Nowakowski, Y. Parpottas, V. Pechenov, O. Pechenova, K. Piasecki, J. Pietraszko, Witold Wojciech Przygoda, K. Pysz, S. Ramos, B. Ramstein, N. Rathod, P. Rodríguez-Ramos, P. Rosier, A. Rost, A. Rustamov, P. Salabura, T. Scheib, H. Schuldes, E. Schwab, F. Scozzi, F. Seck, P. Sellheim, I. Selyuzhenkov, J. Siebenson, L. Silva, U. Singh, J. Smyrski, Yu. G. Sobolev, S. Spataro, S. Spies, H. Ströbele, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, O. Svoboda, M. Szala, P. Tlustý, M. Traxler, H. Tsertos, V. Wagner, C. Wendisch

2023The European Physical Journal A33 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract High-precision measurements of flow coefficients $$v_{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ( $$n = 1 - 4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}}}= 2.4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentum $$p_{{\text {t}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and rapidity $$y_{{\text {cm}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>cm</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> over a large region of phase-space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy, as expected by relativistic hydrodynamics, is found for the slope of $$v_{1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , $$d v_{1}/d y^{\prime }|_{y^{\prime } = 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$y^{\prime }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> is the scaled rapidity, and for $$v_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for the $$p_{{\text {t}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> dependence of $$v_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and $$v_{4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation. $$v_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is found to scale with the initial eccentricity $$\langle \epsilon _{2} \rangle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , while $$v_{4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> scales with $$\langle \epsilon _{2} \rangle ^{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and $$\langle \epsilon _{4} \rangle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The multi-differential high-precision data on $$v_{1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , $$v_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , $$v_{3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and $$v_{4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">

Topics & Concepts

DeuteriumProtonPhysicsNuclear physicsFlow (mathematics)Particle physicsMechanicsHigh-Energy Particle Collisions ResearchQuantum Chromodynamics and Particle InteractionsParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Proton, deuteron and triton flow measurements in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}}}= 2.4$ GeV | Litcius