Blood Biomarkers for Predicting Coagulopathy Occurrence in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Nikolaos Vlachos, Marios Lampros, Georgios D. Lianos, Spyridon Voulgaris, George Α. Alexiou
Abstract
Purpose: The occurrence of coagulopathy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to severe complications. The authors performed the first systematic review to investigate whether biomarkers can predict the occurrence of hypocoagulopathy or progressive hemorrhagic injury in patients with TBI. Methods: The authors included studies that performed a receiver operating characteristics analysis for the biomarker and provided a clear value along with the respective sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, they attempted to classify each biomarker, taking into account its physiological role. Results: Twelve studies were included. All biomarkers were protein molecules, except in one study that examined the prognostic role of glucose. Copeptin had the highest sensitivity, and S100A12 had the highest specificity in predicting coagulopathy, while IL-33 had the highest sensitivity and GALECTIN-3 had the highest specificity in predicting progressive hemorrhagic injury. Conclusion: The study of the role of biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of coagulopathy in patients with TBI remains in its infancy.