Lithium resources and novel strategies for their extraction and purification
Fangshuai Wu, Karthik Ramachandran Shivakumar, Kurt O. Konhauser, Daniel S. Alessi
Abstract
The demand for lithium (Li) for batteries has risen sharply. This review discusses Li resources (igneous rocks, clays, brines), production methods, and Li recycling from spent batteries. We highlight direct lithium extraction (DLE) techniques, focusing on lithium manganese oxides (LMOs). As challenges like sorbent degradation continue to be problematic, doping, surface coating, and the use of composites are explored as strategies to enhance LMO performance for sustainable Li production.
Topics & Concepts
Lithium (medication)Extraction (chemistry)SorbentDegradation (telecommunications)ManganeseWaste managementProduction (economics)Environmental scienceChemistryMaterials scienceProcess engineeringExtraction and Separation ProcessesAdvancements in Battery MaterialsRecycling and Waste Management Techniques