Chabazite Synthesis and Its Exchange with Ti, Zn, Cu, Ag and Au for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
José C. González-Crisostomo, Rigoberto López-Juárez, Rosario I. Yocupicio-Gaxiola, Eric Efrén Villanueva Vega, Ethiel Zavala-Flores, Vitalii Petranovskii
Abstract
A chabazite-type zeolite was prepared by the hydrothermal method. Before ion exchange, the chabazite was activated with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The ion exchange process was carried out at a controlled temperature and constant stirring to obtain ion-exchanged chabazites of Ti4+ chabazite (TiCHA), Zn2+ chabazite (ZnCHA), Cu2+ chabazite (CuCHA), Ag+ chabazite (AgCHA) and Au3+ chabazite (AuCHA). Modified chabazite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), N2 adsorption methods and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD results revealed that the chabazite structure did not undergo any modification during the exchange treatments. The photocatalytic activity of chabazite samples was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of H2O2 under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The photodegradation results showed a higher degradation efficiency of modified chabazites, compared to the synthesized chabazite. CuCHA showed an efficiency of 98.92% in MB degradation, with a constant of k = 0.0266 min−1 following a first-order kinetic mechanism. Then, it was demonstrated that the modified chabazites could be used for the photodegradation of dyes.