Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence in Image-Guided Surgery, Clinical Feasibility and Future Perspectives
Florian van Beurden, Danny M. van Willigen, Borivoj Vojnovic, Matthias N. van Oosterom, Oscar R. Brouwer, Henk G. van der Poel, Hisataka Kobayashi, Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen, Tessa Buckle
Abstract
With the rise of fluorescence-guided surgery, it has become evident that different types of fluorescence signals can provide value in the surgical setting. Hereby a different range of targets have been pursued in a great variety of surgical indications. One of the future challenges lies in combining complementary fluorescent readouts during one and the same surgical procedure, so-called multi-wavelength fluorescence guidance. In this review we summarize the current clinical state-of-the-art in multi-wavelength fluorescence guidance, basic technical concepts, possible future extensions of existing clinical indications and impact that the technology can bring to clinical care.