Emergence of a Novel Salmonella enterica Serotype Reading Clonal Group Is Linked to Its Expansion in Commercial Turkey Production, Resulting in Unanticipated Human Illness in North America
Elizabeth A. Miller, Ehud Elnekave, Cristian Flores-Figueroa, Abigail J. Johnson, Ashley Kearney, Jeannette Muñoz-Aguayo, Kaitlin A. Tagg, Lorelee Tschetter, Bonnie Weber, Céline Nadon, Dave Boxrud, Randall S. Singer, Jason P. Folster, Timothy J. Johnson
Abstract
Increasingly, outbreak investigations involving foodborne pathogens are difficult due to the interconnectedness of food animal production and distribution, and homogeneous nature of industry integration, necessitating high-resolution genomic investigations to determine their basis. Fortunately, surveillance and whole-genome sequencing, combined with the public availability of these data, enable comprehensive queries to determine underlying causes of such outbreaks. Utilizing this pipeline, it was determined that a novel clone of Salmonella Reading has emerged that coincided with increased abundance in raw turkey products and two outbreaks of human illness in North America. The rapid dissemination of this highly adapted and conserved clone indicates that it was likely obtained from a common source and rapidly disseminated across turkey production. Key genomic changes may have contributed to its apparent continued success in commercial turkeys and ability to cause illness in humans.