MXene‐Integrated Perylene Anode with Ultra‐Stable and Fast Ammonium‐Ion Storage for Aqueous Micro Batteries
Ke Niu, Junjie Shi, Long Zhang, Yang Yue, Shuyi Mo, Shaofei Li, Wenbiao Li, Wen Li, Yixin Hou, Li Sun, Shuwen Yan, Fei Long, Yihua Gao
Abstract
Abstract The aqueous micro batteries (AMBs) are expected to be one of the most promising micro energy storage devices for its safe operation and cost‐effectiveness. However, the performance of the AMBs is not satisfactory, which is attributed to strong interaction between metal ions and the electrode materials. Here, the first AMBs are developed with NH 4 + as charge carrier. More importantly, to solve the low conductivity and the dissolution during the NH 4 + intercalation/extraction problem of perylene material represented by perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with high conductivity and polar surface terminals is introduced as a conductive skeleton (PTCDA/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene). Benefitting from this, the PTCDA/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene electrodes exhibit ultra‐high cycle life and rate capability (74.31% after 10 000 galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD) cycles, and 91.67 mAh g −1 at 15.0 A g −1 , i.e., capacity retention of 45.2% for a 30‐fold increase in current density). More significantly, the AMBs with NH 4 + as charge carrier and PTCDA/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene anode provide excellent energy density and power density, cycle life, and flexibility. This work will provide strategy for the development of NH 4 + storage materials and the design of AMBs.