Multimodal profiling reveals tissue-directed signatures of human immune cells altered with age
Steven B. Wells, Daniel B. Rainbow, Michal Mark, Peter A. Szabo, Can Ergen, Daniel P. Caron, Ana Raquel Maceiras, Elior Rahmani, Eli Benuck, Valeh Valiollah Pour Amiri, David Chen, Allon Wagner, Sarah Howlett, Lorna B. Jarvis, Karen L. Ellis, Masaru Kubota, Rei Matsumoto, Krishnaa T. Mahbubani, Kourosh Saeb‐Parsy, Cecilia Domínguez Conde, Laura Richardson, Chuan Xu, Shuang Li, Lira Mamanova, Liam Bolt, Alicja Wilk, Sarah A. Teichmann, Donna L. Färber, Peter A. Sims, Joanne Jones, Nir Yosef
Abstract
The immune system comprises multiple cell lineages and subsets maintained in tissues throughout the lifespan, with unknown effects of tissue and age on immune cell function. Here we comprehensively profiled RNA and surface protein expression of over 1.25 million immune cells from blood and lymphoid and mucosal tissues from 24 organ donors aged 20-75 years. We annotated major lineages (T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells and myeloid cells) and corresponding subsets using a multimodal classifier and probabilistic modeling for comparison across tissue sites and age. We identified dominant site-specific effects on immune cell composition and function across lineages; age-associated effects were manifested by site and lineage for macrophages in mucosal sites, B cells in lymphoid organs, and circulating T cells and natural killer cells across blood and tissues. Our results reveal tissue-specific signatures of immune homeostasis throughout the body, from which to define immune pathologies across the human lifespan.