Analysis of Location Errors of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network Using Lightning Strikes to Towers
Yanan Zhu, Weitao Lyu, John A. Cramer, Vladimir A. Rakov, Phillip M. Bitzer, Ziqin Ding
Abstract
Abstract The location accuracy of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has been evaluated using as ground‐truth rocket‐triggered lightning data or video records but only at a few specific locations. In this study, by using the NLDN data for the events attributable to lightning strikes to towers, the location error of the NLDN across the entire contiguous United States was evaluated for the first time. We found that, on average, the NLDN median location error reduced from 198 to 84 m after the 2013 NLDN upgrade. The location error at the periphery of the network is significantly larger than that in its interior. In the coastal regions, there is directional location bias toward the water. Simulation results suggest that the bias is related to the lengthening of field waveform front due to electromagnetic wave propagation over lossy ground coupled with the asymmetrical sensor configuration relative to the strike point (lack of offshore sensors).