Sex specific considerations in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the female athlete: State of the art
Arianna L. Gianakos, Claudia Arias, Cécile Batailler, Elvire Servıen, Mary K. Mulcahey
Abstract
The increased participation of females in sports has been accompanied by an increase in the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The literature has identified risk factors for noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes, including anatomic, hormonal, biomechanical, neuromuscular, and environmental factors. This review will provide an overview of sex-specific considerations when managing female athletes with ACL injuries. A discussion of sex-specific surgical and rehabilitative treatment strategies with the goal of optimizing return to sport after ACL reconstruction will be emphasized.
Topics & Concepts
Anterior cruciate ligamentAthletesACL injuryAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesMedicinePhysical therapyReturn to sportPhysical medicine and rehabilitationSurgeryKnee injuries and reconstruction techniquesSports injuries and preventionAdhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions