Nature as a source and inspiration for human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibition: A review of the recent advances in chemical modification of natural compounds
Francesco Melfi, Simone Carradori, Andrea Angeli, Ilaria D’Agostino
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Over the past 5 years, we have witnessed intense research activity about the biological potential of natural products (NPs) as human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitors. Despite the promising inhibitory activity, natural compounds often suffer from pharmacokinetic lissues, such as poor aqueous solubility, extensive metabolism, and low bioavailability. AREAS COVERED: This review provides an overview of the current landscape NPs as selective hMAO-B inhibitors and highlights their use as a starting scaffold to design (semi)synthetic derivatives to overcome the therapeutic (pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic) limitations of NPs and to obtain more robust structure-activity relationships (SARs) for each scaffold. EXPERT OPINION: All the natural scaffolds herein presented displayed a broad chemical diversity. The knowledge of their biological activity as inhibitors of hMAO-B enzyme allows the positive correlations associated with the consumption of specific food or the possible herb-drug interactions and suggests to the Medicinal Chemists how to address chemical functionalization to obtain more potent and selective compounds.