Recent Progress in Catalysis Using High‐Entropy Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Derived Materials
Baghendra Singh, Apparao Draksharapu
Abstract
High-entropy metal-organic framework (HE-MOF) and their derived materials are a novel class of multipurpose materials with enormous catalytic potential. By incorporating multiple metal sites into a single MOF structure, HE-MOFs offer tunable electronic structures, diverse active sites, and enhanced stability-key attributes for catalytic applications. This review article presents a complete examination of current progress in HE-MOFs and their derived materials for diverse catalytic reactions, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and thermal catalysis. Various strategies for boosting the catalytic reactivity of HE-MOFs and their derived materials have been discussed, including pore architecture modulation, morphological control, defect engineering, elemental composition tuning, and interface optimization. A thorough investigation has been conducted on various catalytic reactions like water splitting, oxygen reduction, nitrogen reduction, alcohol oxidation, hydrogenation, and cycloaddition. Furthermore, the underlying structure-property correlation governing their activity has been discussed, and key challenges and future directions in this rapidly evolving field have been highlighted. The insights presented in this review aim to guide the rational design of next-generation high-entropy materials for sustainable and efficient catalytic processes.