Reductive Amination of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Bis(aminomethyl)furan over Alumina‐Supported Ni‐Based Catalytic Systems
Zuojun Wei, Yuran Cheng, Hao Huang, Zhihe Ma, Kuo Zhou, Yingxin Liu
Abstract
Abstract Mono‐ and bimetallic Ni‐based catalysts were prepared by screening 6 supports and 14 secondary metals for reductive amination of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) into 2,5‐bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF), among which γ‐Al 2 O 3 and Mn were the best candidates. By further optimization of the reaction conditions at 0.4 g catalyst loading for 0.5 g substrate of 5‐HMF and 160 °C of reaction temperature, 10Ni/γ‐Al 2 O 3 and 10NiMn(4 : 1)/γ‐Al 2 O 3 achieved the highest BAMF yields of 86.3 and 82.1 %, respectively. Although the BAMF yield values were comparable with that over Raney Ni, the turnover frequencies based on the initial BAMF yield and unit weight of Ni for 10NiMn(4 : 1)/γ‐Al 2 O 3 , 10Ni/γ‐Al 2 O 3 , and Raney Ni were calculated as 0.41, 0.09, and 0.04 h −1 , respectively. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the existence of MnO x well dispersed on the γ‐Al 2 O 3 support and its electron transfer effect with Ni particles on the surface of the support contributed to the high efficiency and better recyclability for the five‐time reused 10NiMn(4 : 1)/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst.