Large contribution to secondary organic aerosol from isoprene cloud chemistry
Houssni Lamkaddam, Josef Dommen, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Hamish Gordon, Günther Wehrle, Jordan Krechmer, Francesca Majluf, Daniil Salionov, Julia Schmale, Saša Bjelić, K. S. Carslaw, Imad El Haddad, Urs Baltensperger
Abstract
Aerosols still present the largest uncertainty in estimating anthropogenic radiative forcing. Cloud processing is potentially important for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, a major aerosol component: however, laboratory experiments fail to mimic this process under atmospherically relevant conditions. We developed a wetted-wall flow reactor to simulate aqueous-phase processing of isoprene oxidation products (iOP) in cloud droplets. We find that 50 to 70% (in moles) of iOP partition into the aqueous cloud phase, where they rapidly react with OH radicals, producing SOA with a molar yield of 0.45 after cloud droplet evaporation. Integrating our experimental results into a global model, we show that clouds effectively boost the amount of SOA. We conclude that, on a global scale, cloud processing of iOP produces 6.9 Tg of SOA per year or approximately 20% of the total biogenic SOA burden and is the main source of SOA in the mid-troposphere (4 to 6 km).