Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) Arylesterase Activity Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Marco Zuin, Alessandro Trentini, Judit Marsillach, Andrea D’Amuri, Cristina Bosi, Loris Roncon, Angelina Passaro, Giovanni Zuliani, Mike Mackness, Carlo Cervellati
Abstract
Aim. To review and compare the PON-1 arylesterase activity between coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD patients. Methods. Data were obtained by searching MEDLINE and Scopus for all investigations published between January 1, 2000 and March 1, 2021 comparing PON-1 arylesterase activity between CAD and controls. Results. Twenty studies, based on 5417 patients, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A random effect model revealed that PON-1 arylesterase activity was significantly lower in the CAD group compared to controls ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mtext>SMD</a:mtext> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mo>–</a:mo> <a:mn>0.587</a:mn> </a:math> , <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mn>95</c:mn> <c:mi>%</c:mi> <c:mtext>CI</c:mtext> <c:mo>=</c:mo> <c:mo>−</c:mo> <c:mn>0.776</c:mn> </c:math> to -0.339, <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mi>p</e:mi> <e:mo><</e:mo> <e:mn>0.0001</e:mn> </e:math> , <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:msup> <g:mrow> <g:mi>I</g:mi> </g:mrow> <g:mrow> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msup> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>92.3</g:mn> <g:mi>%</g:mi> </g:math> ). In CAD patients, the PON-1 arylesterase activity was significantly higher among CAD patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those with diabetes (SMD: 0.235, 95% CI: 0.014 to 0.456, <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <i:mi>p</i:mi> <i:mo>=</i:mo> <i:mn>0.03</i:mn> </i:math> , <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <k:msup> <k:mrow> <k:mi>I</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mrow> <k:mn>2</k:mn> </k:mrow> </k:msup> <k:mo>=</k:mo> <k:mn>0</k:mn> <k:mi>%</k:mi> </k:math> ). Conclusions. PON-1 activity is significantly lower in CAD patients, and those without DM presented a significantly higher PON-1 arylesterase activity.