Natural Anti-biofilm Agents: Strategies to Control Biofilm-Forming Pathogens
Rojita Mishra, Amrita Kumari Panda, Surajit De Mandal, Muhammad Shakeel, Satpal Singh Bisht, Junaid Khan
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms and their chronic pathogenicity are significant concerns in biomedical research. Biofilm-linked persistent infections are not easy to treat due to resident multidrug-resistant microbes. Low efficiency of various treatments and in-vivo toxicity of available antibiotics drives the researchers towards the discovery of many effective natural anti-biofilm agents. Natural extracts, natural product-based anti-biofilm agents are more efficient than the chemically synthesized counterparts with lesser side effects. The present review primarily focuses on various natural anti-biofilm agents, i.e. phytochemicals, biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides and microbial enzymes along with their sources, mechanism of action via interfering in the quorum-sensing pathways, disruption of extracellular polymeric substance, adhesion mechanism and their inhibitory concentrations existing in literature so far. This study provides a better understanding that a particular natural anti-biofilm molecule exhibit different mode of actions and biofilm inhibitory activity against more than one pathogenic species. This information can be exploited further to improve the therapeutic strategy by a combination of more than one natural anti-biofilm compounds from diverse sources.