Environmental profiling of endocrine disrupting chemicals in ground water sources: an African perspective
Esther A. Nnamani, Ajibola A. Bayode, Oluwaferanmi B. Otitoju, Moses O. Alfred, Martins O. Omorogie
Abstract
in some locations. These exceedances, along with detections of unregulated or banned EDCs such as bisphenol A and some organochlorine pesticides, may imply potential human and ecological risks. Additionally, the data reveals spatial patterns: shallow urban wells and low-cost rural areas tend to have higher contamination, reflecting local sanitation and land-use influences. This study also reveals the widespread contamination of EDCs in the African groundwater systems and the dearth of data in sustainable treatment plans. Consequently, there is a need to navigate research focus on both the environmental profiling and treatment/remediation in this pivotal source of drinking water supply on the continent.