Diagnostic Properties and Soil Forming Materials in the Classification System of Russian Soils: Version of 2021
N. B. Khitrov, М. И. Герасимова
Abstract
Abstract As part of updating the classification system of soils of Russia, analysis and revision were performed for its three diagnostic elements – horizons, properties and materials – as they are in the versions of 2004 and 2008: Classification and Diagnostic System of Russian Soils and Field Guide for Identification of Russian Soils. Our paper on the proposed changes in the composition, definitions, and indexing of diagnostic horizons was published in this journal earlier (vol. 54, no. 8, 2021), and this paper on diagnostic properties is its continuation. Unlike the descriptions of horizons, the scheme for describing diagnostic properties (qualifiers) has been preserved, although some criteria for their identification have been clarified, 20 new qualifiers have been introduced; some definitions and symbols have been improved. New was the approach to diagnostic properties-qualifiers in terms of their taxonomic functions: they were specified for the levels of subtype and genus. The open character of the system allows the expansion of the number of qualifiers if required, as well as the removal of restrictions on their confinement to certain soil types, which was one of the frequent suggestions of users. It is proposed to introduce a special section in the classification system: “Soil-forming rocks and substrates,” to formulate brief definitions of each one there, and to introduce human-affected and artificial materials. As in the case of diagnostic horizons, the proposals are based on extensive materials—field data, publications, discussion with colleagues, and addressing to the international soil classification. An updated list of qualifiers is attached.