Global outbreaks of foodborne hepatitis A: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Aravind P. Gandhi, Mohammed Al-Mohaithef, P Aparnavi, Monika Bansal, Prakasini Satapathy, Neelima Kukreti, Sarvesh Rustagi, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Shilpa Gaidhane, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
Abstract
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a significant threat in terms of food safety. A systematic literature search with the research question "What are the clinical outcomes of foodborne Hepatitis A virus infections?" was conducted. The pooled estimate of the outcomes-mortality, hospitalization, and severity rates, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was estimated. After screening, 33 studies were included for the data extraction and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of hospitalization among the HAV-positive patients was estimated to be 32% (95% CI 21–44), with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 98%, p < 0.01). Australia had the highest hospitalization rate, with 82%, followed by Europe (42%). The hospitalization rate showed a significantly increasing trend (beta = 0.015, p 0.002) over the period. The pooled prevalence of mortality among the HAV-positive patients was estimated to be <1%, with low heterogeneity (I 2 = 5%, p = 0.39). A wide range of food products were linked with the HAV outbreaks.