Sustained greening of the Antarctic Peninsula observed from satellites
Thomas P. Roland, Oliver T. Bartlett, Dan J. Charman, Karen Anderson, Dominic A. Hodgson, Matthew J. Amesbury, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Peter T. Fretwell, Andrew Fleming
Abstract
Abstract The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced considerable anthropogenic warming in recent decades. While cryospheric responses are well defined, the responses of moss-dominated terrestrial ecosystems have not been quantified. Analysis of Landsat archives (1986–2021) using a Google Earth Engine cloud-processing workflow suggest widespread greening across the Antarctic Peninsula. The area of likely vegetation cover increased from 0.863 km 2 in 1986 to 11.947 km 2 in 2021, with an accelerated rate of change in recent years (2016–2021: 0.424 km 2 yr −1 ) relative to the study period (1986–2021: 0.317 km 2 yr −1 ). This trend echoes a wider pattern of greening in cold-climate ecosystems in response to recent warming, suggesting future widespread changes in the Antarctic Peninsula’s terrestrial ecosystems and their long-term functioning.