3D-porous activated carbon morphological modification of Manihot esculenta tuber and Bambusa blumeana stem for high-power density supercapacitor: Biomass waste to sustainable energy
Markus Diantoro, Nuviya Illa Muthi Aturroifah, Ishmah Luthfiyah, Joko Utomo, Ida Hamidah, Brian Yuliarto, Andrivo Rusydi, Santi Maensiri, W. Meevasana
Abstract
• Activated carbon derived from Manihot esculenta tuber and Bambusa blumeana stem, modified with 0.06 M ZnCl 2 , exhibits a well-defined microporous structure and a specific surface area of 516.29 m 2 g −1 . • The modified carbon delivers a high power density of 1086.12 Wkg −1 at a voltage window of 2 V, with excellent electrochemical performance and 90.8 % capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. • Manihot esculenta tuber and Bambusa blumeana stem-derived activated carbon provides an environmentally friendly solution for high-performance energy storage, offering rapid ion transport and cost-effective supercapacitor applications. Activated carbon derived from biomass is an environmentally friendly and low-cost supercapacitor electrode material. The diverse morphology and pore shape of activated carbon have a significant impact on enhancing the storage capacity of supercapacitors. However, the disparate distribution of pore sizes in activated carbon has a negative effect on energy density. In the present study, the synthesis and modification of the carbon pore structure of Manihot esculenta tuber and Bambusa blumeana stem was carried out using a sonochemical-assisted hydrothermal method with various chemicals (0.06 M KOH, 0.06 M PVP, 0.06 M ZnCl 2 ). The 3D pore structure of the sample modified with 0.06 M ZnCl 2 exhibited a well-defined microporous architecture and a substantial specific surface area of 516.29 m 2 g −1 , leading to excellent electrochemical performance in coin cell supercapacitors. A high power density of 1086.12 Wkg −1 at a voltage window of 2 V has been attained, with a corresponding current density of 0.3 Ag −1 . Remarkably, after 5000 charge and discharge cycles, the capacitance retention was maintained at 90.8 %. The high power density produced from biomass activated carbon based on Manihot esculenta tuber and Bambusa blumeana stem modified using 0.06 M ZnCl 2 provides a practical approach for environmentally friendly electrical energy storage devices and realizes rapid mass transportation.