Is smoking an independent risk factor for developing cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gera E. Nagelhout, Renée M.F. Ebisch, Olga van der Hel, Gert‐Jan Meerkerk, Tessa Magnée, Thomas M. de Bruijn, Barbara van Straaten
Abstract
Based on the available evidence it can be - cautiously - concluded that smoking increases the risk of cervical abnormalities. However, the high risk of bias indicates that for future studies, it will be important to adjust for relevant predictors, to separate CIN from cervical cancer as outcome measures, and to report research methods in detail.
Topics & Concepts
MedicineCervical cancerMeta-analysisCervical intraepithelial neoplasiaGynecologyCancerMEDLINEOncologyRisk factorObstetricsInternal medicineLawPolitical scienceCervical Cancer and HPV ResearchEndometrial and Cervical Cancer TreatmentsCancer Risks and Factors