Innovative transdermal drug delivery systems: Benefits, challenges, and emerging application
Syed Waqas Ali Shah, Xingxing Li, Hao Yuan, Huiling Shen, Shaohao Quan, Gerald J. Dal Pan, Muhammad Ishfaq, Abid Ullah Shah, Hanhan Xie, Jundong Shao
Abstract
Abstract Recent strides in non‐invasive drug delivery have spurred innovation in alternatives to traditional needle injections. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDs) have emerged as a particularly promising avenue, boasting minimal rejection rates, user‐friendly administration, and enhanced patient adherence. Beyond pharmaceuticals, TDDs show potential in skincare and cosmetics, leveraging their ability to facilitate localized drug delivery while minimizing systemic exposure. Nonetheless, the intricate physicochemical nature of the skin presents formidable obstacles, prompting intensive exploration to overcome these barriers. This comprehensive review delves into the landscape of TDDs methodologies, critically analyzing their respective advantages, limitations, characterization methodologies, and prospective applications. Recent advancements underscore the robust efficacy of TDDs, positioning it as a versatile and indispensable modality poised for widespread integration across multifarious fields.