Cortical and subcortical neuroanatomical signatures of schizotypy in 3004 individuals assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study
Matthias Kirschner, Benazir Hodzic-Santor, Mathilde Antoniades, Igor Nenadić, Tilo Kircher, Axel Krug, Tina Meller, Dominik Grotegerd, Alex Fornito, Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė, Mark A. Bellgrove, Jeggan Tiego, Udo Dannlowski, Katharina Koch, Carina Hülsmann, Harald Kugel, Verena Enneking, Melissa Klug, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Joscha Böhnlein, Marius Gruber, David Ma Mehler, Pamela DeRosse, Ashley Moyett, Bernhard T. Baune, Melissa J. Green, Yann Quidé, Christos Pantelis, Raymond Chan, Yi Wang, Ulrich Ettinger, Martin Debbané, Mélodie Derome, Christian Gaser, Bianca Besteher, Kelly Diederen, Tom J. Spencer, Paul C. Fletcher, Wulf Rössler, Lukasz Smigielski, Veena Kumari, Preethi Premkumar, Haeme R. P. Park, Kristina Wiebels, Imke Lemmers-Jansen, James Gilleen, Paul Allen, Petya Kozhuharova, Jan-Bernard Marsman, И. С. Лебедева, A. S. Tomyshev, Анна Константиновна Мухорина, Stefan Kaiser, Anne‐Kathrin Fett, Iris E. Sommer, Sanne Schuite‐Koops, Casey Paquola, Sara Larivière, Boris C. Bernhardt, Alain Dagher, Phillip Grant, Theo G.M. van Erp, Jessica A. Turner, Paul M. Thompson, André Alemán, Gemma Modinos
Abstract
Abstract Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains to be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses of cortical and subcortical morphometric patterns of schizotypy in healthy individuals, and compared these patterns with neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in major psychiatric disorders. The sample comprised 3004 unmedicated healthy individuals (12–68 years, 46.5% male) from 29 cohorts of the worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical and subcortical effect size maps with schizotypy scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities were assessed between the schizotypy-related cortical and subcortical maps and effect size maps from comparisons of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD) patients with controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated with higher schizotypy scores ( r = 0.067, p FDR = 0.02). The cortical thickness profile in schizotypy was positively correlated with cortical abnormalities in SZ ( r = 0.285, p spin = 0.024), but not BD ( r = 0.166, p spin = 0.205) or MDD ( r = −0.274, p spin = 0.073). The schizotypy-related subcortical volume pattern was negatively correlated with subcortical abnormalities in SZ (rho = −0.690, p spin = 0.006), BD (rho = −0.672, p spin = 0.009), and MDD (rho = −0.692, p spin = 0.004). Comprehensive mapping of schizotypy-related brain morphometry in the general population revealed a significant relationship between higher schizotypy and thicker mOFC/vmPFC, in the absence of confounding effects due to antipsychotic medication or disease chronicity. The cortical pattern similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia yields new insights into a dimensional neurobiological continuity across the extended psychosis phenotype.