Research on Power Stability of Wind-Solar-PEM Hydrogen Production System Based on Virtual Synchronous Machine Control
Min Liu, Leiqi Zhang, Qiliang Wu, Kuan Zhang, Xian Li, Bo Zhao
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of frequency and voltage stability degradation caused by high proportion of renewable energy grid connection, this paper proposes a multi-energy dynamic coordinated control framework, which integrates the inertia damping characteristics of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and the flexible load regulation capability of virtual synchronous motor (VSM) to build a two-way interactive mechanism. For the first time, a virtual inertia dynamic compensation algorithm based on VSG is proposed. By introducing the frequency change rate adaptive inertia coefficient adjustment mechanism, the system’s active support capability for wind and solar power fluctuations is improved by 32% compared with the traditional fixed inertia strategy; a breakthrough design of the VSM-driven hydrogen production system dynamic matching control strategy is made, and an electrolyzer efficiency-power dual variable coupling model is established to achieve optimal control of hydrogen production efficiency fluctuation rate ≤ ±2.1% within a wide power range of 10–95%; an innovative mixed integer quadratic programming real-time optimization model considering battery SOC safety constraints is constructed, and the wind and solar consumption efficiency is improved by 28.6% compared with the single energy storage mode through energy storage-hydrogen production complementary scheduling. A simulation platform was built based on Simulink to verify the system performance under three conditions: load mutation, source-grid fluctuation, and simultaneous source-load change. The simulation results show that under different working conditions, the fluctuation range of the system frequency can be stabilized within ±0.15Hz, and the voltage deviation is less than 2%; through the coordinated scheduling of the battery and the hydrogen production system, the battery charge state is always maintained in a safe range of 15–85%, and the hydrogen production power regulation rate reaches 1.5 kW/s. The study shows that the proposed control strategy can significantly enhance the inertia response capability of the system, achieve dynamic power balance and power quality optimization under multiple working conditions, and provide a feasible technical path for the high proportion of renewable energy grid connection and efficient preparation of green hydrogen.