Contamination of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Environmental Waters in Thailand
Kattareeya Kumthip, Pattara Khamrin, Arpaporn Yodmeeklin, Hiroshi Ushijima, Niwat Maneekarn
Abstract
Recently, we reported the detection of HBoV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis, and the detection of HBoV1 and 2 in oysters in Thailand. In this study, we reported the detection of HBoV1, 2, 3, and 4 contamination in environmental waters within the same geographic area. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the HBoV genotypes detected in environmental waters and in oysters were closely related to HBoV detected in patients. These findings imply that HBoV contamination in oysters and in environmental waters could be a potential sources of foodborne and waterborne transmission to humans.
Topics & Concepts
Human bocavirusGenotypeBiologyPhylogenetic treeVirologyVeterinary medicineMedicineGeneticsRespiratory systemRespiratory tract infectionsGeneAnatomyRespiratory viral infections researchViral gastroenteritis research and epidemiologyPneumonia and Respiratory Infections