First Report of <i>Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti</i> Species Complex Causing Fruit Rot of Peach (<i>Prunus persica</i>) in China

Abstract

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 6First Report of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Causing Fruit Rot of Peach (Prunus persica) in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Causing Fruit Rot of Peach (Prunus persica) in ChinaL. Q. Zhang, M. S. Su, J. Y. Zhou, T. Zhao, J. H. Du, X. W. Li, and Z. W. YeL. Q. Zhanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-4376Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, China, M. S. SuShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, China, J. Y. ZhouHorticultural Department, Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China, T. ZhaoShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, China, J. H. DuShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, China, X. W. Li†Corresponding authors: X. W. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected] and Z. W. Ye; E-mail Address: [email protected]://orcid.org/0000-0002-7132-9669Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, China, and Z. W. Ye†Corresponding authors: X. W. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected] and Z. W. Ye; E-mail Address: [email protected] Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. Q. Zhang1 M. S. Su1 J. Y. Zhou2 T. Zhao1 J. H. Du1 X. W. Li1 † Z. W. Ye1 † 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 201403 Shanghai, China 2Horticultural Department, Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China Published Online:25 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2372-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch; Rosaceae) is an economically important deciduous fruit. China is the largest producer of peaches, providing >50% of world production. Fruit rot is a devastating problem both pre- and postharvest. In May 2019, 882 infected peach fruits covered with white fluffy masses and brown necrotic lesions were observed among 4,500 fruits investigated in a commercial orchard in Jinshan, Shanghai, China. Disease incidence was ∼20%. Infected fruits were collected and kept in separate paper bags. Small sections (5 × 5 mm) were excised from the boundary of necrotic and healthy tissues, surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 30 s and 5% NaOCl for 90 s, rinsed twice with sterilized distilled water (DW), and aseptically placed onto PDA. After 2 days of incubation at 26°C, sections from new colonies were transferred onto fresh PDA and purified by the single-spore method (Yang et al. 2008). Colonies on PDA had white aerial mycelia at first that turned off-white to light yellow after 5 days. No microconidia were observed. Seven morphologically similar isolates were obtained and representative isolate FQ01 analyzed. Macroconidia were five to seven septate with a tapered and elongated apical cell and prominent foot-shaped basal cells. Apical cells were conically elongated, and basal cells were prominently shaped, 20.1 to 47.2 × 2.5 to 2.9 μm. Macroconidia were produced from monophialides on branched conidiophores. Chlamydospores were abundant in clumps or chains, ellipsoidal to subglobose with thick and roughened walls. The isolated strain was identified morphologically as a member of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (Leslie and Summerell 2006). To confirm identity of FQ01, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) were amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), respectively. Total genomic DNA was extracted using the E.Z.N.A. Fungal DNA Mini Kit (Omega Bio-tek) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Resultant sequences of FQ01 were obtained and submitted to GenBank (MN133053 for ITS and MN133052 for EF1-α). BLASTn analyses showed that sequences shared 99.83% identity with a sequence of F. equiseti for ITS (MH879250.1) and 100% with a sequence of F. equiseti (MK692895.1) for EF1-α. Further BLAST search in the FUSARIUM-ID database indicated that the sequences shared 100% identity with a sequence of FIESC for ITS (FD_01695) and 98.58% with a sequence of FIESC for EF1-α (FD_01627) (Geiser et al. 2004). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on wounded and nonwounded peach fruits with mycelial plugs and conidial suspension, respectively. Ten healthy and surface-sterilized fruits (cv. I9) were wounded using a sterilized needle and inoculated with mycelial discs (6 mm). Ten surface-sterilized nonwounded peach fruits (cv. Qiumi) were sprayed with a 105 conidia/ml suspension. For the control, wounded and nonwounded fruits were inoculated separately using agar plugs and DW, respectively All fruits were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated in a growth chamber at 26°C, 90% relative humidity, and 12 h/12 h light (10,000 lux)/dark. After 5 days, the inoculated sites on wounded fruits had brown and sunken lesions. On nonwounded fruits, brown rot and white fluffy mycelia were observed after 1 week. No symptoms were observed on control fruit. The fungus was reisolated from the lesions of the inoculated plants and verified morphologically. This is the first report of FIESC on peach fruits in China. Owing to the range of mycotoxins produced, members of the FIESC are not only saprophytes and opportunistic plant pathogens but also highly associated with human and animal disease (Leslie and Summerell 2006). The pathogen presents a severe threat to peach quality and production, so further research should be implemented to find effective management strategies to prevent and control it.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Carbone, I., and Kohn, L. M. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarGeiser, D. M., et al. 2004. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000032386.75915.a0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLeslie, J. F., and Summerell, B. A., eds. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA. doi.org/10.1002/9780470278376 Crossref, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarYang, L., et al. 2008. Phytopathology 98:719. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-98-6-0719 Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program, China (T20180107) and the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-31, 2015-2020).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 6 June 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms of citrus yellow mottle-associated virus on a leaf of Washington navel orange (J. X. Wu et al.). Photo credit: M. J. Cao. Effect of pydiflumetofen + difenoconazole on the severity of Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora beticola in a small plot (S. J. Pethybridge et al.). Photo credit: S. J. Pethybridge. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 Jun 2020Published: 25 Mar 2020First Look: 21 Jan 2020Accepted: 17 Jan 2020 Pages: 1872-1872 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingShanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program, ChinaGrant/Award Number: T20180107China Agricultural Research SystemGrant/Award Number: CARS-31, 2015-2020Keywordspeachfruit rotFusarium incarnatum-equisetiThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byDiscovery of Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica Causing Apple Replant Disease in ChinaY. N. Duan, W. T. Jiang, R. Zhang, R. Chen, X. S. Chen, C. M. Yin, and Z. Q. Mao7 October 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 11Identification and Description of a New Pathogen Causing Flower Dry Rot on Passiflora edulis in ChinaYuelian Liu, Jianrong Tang, and Yuhan Zhou5 August 2021 | Plant Disease, Vol. 105, No. 7First Report of Cucumber Fruit Rot Caused by Fusarium incarnatum in MexicoR. S. García-Estrada, I. Márquez-Zequera, J. M. 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