Giant NLO response and deep ultraviolet transparency of dual (alkali/alkaline earth) metals doped C6O6Li6 electrides
Naveen Kosar, Sunaina Wajid, Khurshid Ayub, Mazhar Amjad Gilani, Nur Hazimah Binti Zainal Arfan, Malai Haniti S. A. Hamid, Muhammad Imran, Nadeem S. Sheikh, Tariq Mahmood
Abstract
The designing of new materials having outstanding nonlinear optical (NLO) response is much needed for use in latest optics. Herein, the geometric, electronic and NLO properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals doped C 6 O 6 Li 6 (alk-C 6 O 6 Li 6 -alkearth, alkearth = Ca, Mg, Be and alk = K, Na, Li) electrides is studied via quantum chemical approach. The interaction energies (E int ) are examined to illustrate their thermodynamic stability. The strong interaction energy of -39.99 kcal mol -1 is observed for Ca–C 6 O 6 Li 6 –Li electride in comparison to others. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) energy gap of considered complexes is changed due to the electronic density shifting between metals and C 6 O 6 Li 6 surface, which notifies the semi conducting properties of these electrides. The FMOs isodensities and natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis are performed to justify charge transfer between dopants and complexant. UV–Visible study also confirmed the application of these electrides as deep ultra-violet laser devices. NLO response is studied through calculation of first hyperpolarizability ( β o ). The highest β o value of 1.68 × 10 5 au is calculated for Mg–C 6 O 6 Li 6 –K electride. NLO response is further rationalized by three- and two-level models approach.