Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and the impact on glycaemic control
Björg Ásbjörnsdóttir, Marianne Vestgaard, Nicoline Callesen, Lene Ringholm, Lise Lotte Torvin Andersen, Dorte Møller Jensen, Peter Damm, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
Abstract
Abstract Aims To study the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes compared with pregnant women without diabetes. Secondly, to explore whether anxiety and/or depression symptoms in early pregnancy have an impact on glycaemic control and gestational weight gain. Methods A prospective cohort study of 90 consecutive singleton pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and 88 singleton pregnant women without diabetes. All women completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire in early and late pregnancy. A score ≥8 in the anxiety or the depression scale was used to define anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Results Anxiety and/or depression symptoms were present in 40% of women with type 2 diabetes and 7% of women without diabetes in early pregnancy (Relative Risk = 5.87 (95% Confidence Interval: 2.60–13.22)). The figures were similar in late pregnancy. In women with type 2 diabetes and anxiety and/or depression symptoms in early pregnancy, HbA 1c (mean ± SD) was 52 ± 14 vs. 49 ± 11 mmol/mol (6.9 ± 1.2 vs. 6.6 ± 1.0%), p = 0.31 in early pregnancy and 43 ± 8 vs. 40 ± 4 mmol/mol (6.1 ± 0.7 vs. 5.8 ± 0.4%), p = 0.04 in late pregnancy compared with women without symptoms. Gestational weight gain was similar in both groups. Conclusions In women with type 2 diabetes, 40% had anxiety and/or depression symptoms in early pregnancy. Women with these symptoms obtained less optimal glycaemic control in late pregnancy but similar gestational weight gain as the remaining women.