Uptake of Ultrashort Chain, Emerging, and Legacy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Edible Mushrooms (<i>Agaricus spp</i>.) Grown in a Polluted Substrate
Astrid S. Nesse, Agnieszka Jasińska, Aasim Ali, Oskar Sandblom, Trine A. Sogn, Jonathan P. Benskin
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Uptake of 19 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including C3–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), C4, C6, and C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), and four emerging PFAS, was investigated in two mushroom species ( Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus subrufescens ) cultivated in a biogas digestate-based substrate. Accumulation of PFAS in mushrooms was low and strongly chain-length dependent. Among the different PFCAs, bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs) decreased from a maximum of −0.3 for perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA; C3) to a minimum of −3.1 for perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA; C7), with only minor changes from PFHpA to perfluorotridecanoate (PFTriDA; C13). For PFSAs, log BAFs decreased from perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS; −2.2) to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; −3.1) while mushroom uptake was not observed for the alternatives 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy)propanoic acid] (ADONA) and two chlorinated polyfluoro ether sulfonates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the uptake of emerging and ultra-short chain PFAS in mushrooms, and generally the results indicate very low accumulation of PFAS.