A comprehensive review of Digital Twin technologies in smart cities
Annysha Huzzat, Alagan Anpalagan, Ahmed Shaharyar Khwaja, Isaac Woungang, Ali Alnoman, Anju S. Pillai
Abstract
As urbanization accelerates globally, the need for smarter, more sustainable cities has become imperative. This review article delves into the realm of Digital Twin (DT) technologies and their role in shaping the future of urban development. By exploring the convergence of DT technologies and smart cities, this article offers a comprehensive analysis of how these technologies are driving the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) revolution. Through an extensive literature review, we examine the pivotal role of DT technologies in diverse domains such as healthcare, wellness, security, safety, transportation, energy, mobility, and communications. Furthermore, the review explores the enabling technologies behind DTs, including Internet of Things (IoT)-based, Machine Learning (ML)-based, Cyber–physical Systems (CPSs)-based, and blockchain technology-based, to name a few. Practical applications of DT technologies are also examined through reviews of case studies across transport, water management and automotive technology, highlighting their transformative impact on smart city development. Lastly, this article addresses key DT research challenges and outlines future directions to unlock the full potential of DT technologies in building safe and sustainable cities. • Role of Digital Twins in smart city development is reviewed. • Enabling Digital Twin technologies in smart cities are presented. • Technologies include Machine Learning, IoT, Cyber–physical Systems, blockchain. • Digital Twin applications in smart cities across multiple domains are discussed. • Digital Twins case studies on transport, water and driving are reviewed.