Hybrid Mesoporous MnO<sub>2</sub>-Upconversion Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Lung Cancer Spinal Metastasis Therapy
Xuemin Han, Lei Zhou, Hongjun Zhuang, Peng Wei, Fuyou Li, Libo Jiang, Tao Yi
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and MnO2 composite materials have broad prospects in biological applications due to their near-infrared (NIR) imaging capability and tumor microenvironment-responsive features. Nevertheless, the synthesis of such composite nanoplatforms still faces many hurdles such as redundant processing and uneven coatings. Here, we explored a simple, rapid, and universal method for precisely controlled coating of mesoporous MnO2 (mMnO2) using poly(ethylene imine) as a reducing agent and potassium permanganate as a manganese source. Using this strategy, a mMnO2 shell was successfully coated on UCNPs. We further modified the mMnO2-coated UCNPs (UCNP@mMnO2) with a photosensitizer (Ce6), cisplatin drug (DSP), and tumor targeting pentapeptide (TFA) to obtain a nanoplatform UCNP/Ce6@mMnO2/DSP-TFA for treating spinal metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC-SM). The utilization of both upconversion and downconversion luminescence of UCNPs with different NIR wavelengths can avoid the simultaneous initiation of NIR-II in vivo imaging and tumor photodynamic therapy, thus reducing damage to normal tissues. This platform achieved a high synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. This leads to beneficial antitumor effects on the therapy of NSCLC-SM.