Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production

Abstract

FT-IR) and TGA was used to characterize the raw and produced catalyst. The maximum yield of FAME (89.5wt% with 92.6% purity) was obtained by 5wt% catalyst loading and 9:1 M ratio of methanol to castor seed oil at 60 °C reaction temperature for 3h. Compositional analysis of the produced CO FAME was performed by FT-IR, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The performance of the produced catalyst was also checked using its reusability for transesterification CO. Further, the physico-chemical properties including rheological properties of the produced CO FAME were characterized by ASTM methods to check its suitability as a liquid biofuel.

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