Skin tests in urticaria/angioedema and flushing to Pfizer‐BioNTech SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine: Limits of intradermal testing
Leonardo Bianchi, Filippo Biondi, Katharina Hansel, Nicola Murgia, Marta Tramontana, Luca Stingeni
Abstract
Skin tests in urticaria/angioedema and flushing to Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: Limits of intradermal testing To the Editor, Vaccination seems the most effective public health tools to contrast the spreading of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorized three anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, which encodes the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein, inducing both antibody and cell-mediated responses. The AstraZeneca vaccine is based on a viral vector that uses a modified version of the chimpanzee adenovirus to provide instructions for synthesizing SARS-CoV-2 protein S. The vaccine series consists of two doses administered intramuscularly (Pfizer-BioNTech: 21 days apart; Moderna: 28 days apart; AstraZeneca: 28-84 days apart).