Yttrium doped phosphate-based glasses: structural and degradation analyses
Abul Arafat, Sabrin A. Samad, Jeremy J. Titman, Andrew L. Lewis, Emma R. Barney, Ifty Ahmed
Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the role of yttrium in phosphate-based glasses in the system 45(P 2 O 5 )–25(CaO)– (30-x)(Na 2 O)–x(Y 2 O 3 ) (0≤x≤5) prepared via melt quenching and focuses on their structural characterisation and degradation properties. The structural analyses were performed using a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 31 P NMR analysis showed that depolymerisation of the phosphate network occurred which increased with Y 2 O 3 content as metaphosphate units (Q 2 ) decreased with subsequent increase in pyrophosphate species (Q 1 ). The NMR results correlated well with structural changes observed via FTIR and XPS analyses. XRD analysis of crystallised glass samples revealed the presence of calcium pyrophosphate (Ca 2 P 2 O 7 ) and sodium metaphosphate (NaPO 3 ) phases for all the glass formulations explored. Yttrium-containing phases were found for the formulations containing 3 and 5 mol% Y 2 O 3 . Degradation analyses performed in Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Milli-Q water revealed significantly reduced rates with addition of Y 2 O 3 content. This decrease was attributed to the formation of Y-O-P bonds where the octahedral structure of yttrium (YO 6 ) cross-linked phosphate chains, subsequently leading to an increase in chemical durability of the glasses. The ion release studies also showed good correlation with the degradation profiles.