Narrative Review of the Control and Prevention of Knowlesi Malaria
Ahmad Hazim Mohammad, Nurul Athirah Naserrudin, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim, Jenarun Jelip, Azman Atil, Mohd Fazeli Sazali, Adora J. Muyou, Priya Dharishini Kunasagran, Nornazirah Ahmad Kamarudin, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Rahmat Dapari, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
Abstract
Despite the reduction in the number of cases of human malaria throughout the world, the incidence rate of knowlesi malaria is continuing to rise, especially in Southeast Asia. The conventional strategies for the prevention and control of human malaria can provide some protection against knowlesi malaria. Despite the numerous studies on the risk factors and the innovative methods that may be used to prevent and control the vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi, the incidence rate remains high. An integrated approach that includes environmental intervention should be adopted in order to ensure the successful control of zoonotic malaria. A combination of personal-level protection, vector control and environmental control may mitigate the risk of Plasmodium knowlesi transmission from macaques to humans and, ultimately, reduce the incidence rate of knowlesi malaria.