Conformal electronics: Materials, fabrication, and emerging applications
Jiayu Pan, W. Zhao, Yukai Zhou, Jing Wu, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi, Lijia Pan
Abstract
Abstract Conformal electronics integrate mechanically compliant materials with advanced fabrication strategies, enabling devices to mount seamlessly onto non‐planar, dynamic, and even biological surfaces. In these scenarios, such systems deliver enhanced measurement accuracy, improved stability, and greater adaptability and comfort compared to rigid counterparts, thereby redefining the frontiers of wearable technology. In this review, we first focus on strategies and fabrication technologies for achieving conformability, and applications in fields such as healthcare, consumer electronics, and industry. Then we discuss current challenges, such as scalability and durability, while exploring future research directions in material innovation and process optimization. Finally, we provide a comprehensive understanding of conformal flexible thin film devices, charting a path for future advancements.