Chronic rheumatologic disorders and cardiovascular disease risk in women
Puja K. Mehta, Rebecca D. Levit, Malissa J. Wood, Niti R. Aggarwal, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, S. Sam Lim, Kate Lindley, Scott Gaignard, Odayme Quesada, Nishant Vatsa, Ana García León, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Waddah Malas, Carl J. Pepine
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health threat to women worldwide. In addition to traditional CVD risk factors, autoimmune conditions are increasingly being recognized as contributors to adverse CVD consequences in women. Chronic systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders can trigger premature and accelerated atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. The presence of comorbid conditions, duration of the autoimmune condition, disease severity, and treatment of underlying inflammation are all factors that impact CVD risk and progression. Early identification and screening of CVD risk factors in those with underlying autoimmune conditions may attenuate CVD in this population. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, disease modifying agents and biologics may influence CVD risk factors and overall risk. Multi-disciplinary and team-based care, clinical trials, and collaborative team-science studies focusing on systemic autoimmune conditions will be beneficial to advance care for women.