Upgrading the waste Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene into crude oil and highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Loris Sallaku, Lorenzo Mirizzi, Mohsin Muhyuddin, Valerio C.A. Ficca, E. Placidi, Niccolò Lamanna, Luca Zoia, Irene Vassalini, Stefania Federici, Enrico Berretti, Jonathan Filippi, Alessandro Lavacchi, S. Binetti, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Carlo Santoro
Abstract
• Upgrading of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) waste is presented. • Crude oil and char are produced through ABS pyrolysis at various temperatures. • ABS-derived char is functionalized with FePc to synthesize PGM-free electrocatalysts. • 75 % ABS and 25 % Ketjenblack functionalized with FePc had an E 1/2 of 0.94 V vs RHE. • Characterization of crude oil indicates that temperature influences the molecular structure. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a thermoplastic copolymer that is used in a variety of applications due to its unique physicochemical properties, however, there is not yet an established recycling scheme for this material. This work presents the transformation of waste ABS into efficient platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media and crude oil. Waste ABS was pyrolyzed at three different temperatures and subsequently functionalized with iron phthalocyanine (FePc). Separately, the char obtained at a higher temperature during the first pyrolysis was additionally mixed with a commercial conductive carbon black and functionalized to obtain electrocatalysts with excellent performance towards ORR in an alkaline environment. The most promising electrocatalyst showed onset potential (E on ) of 0.94 V vs. RHE and half-wave potential (E 1/2 ) of 0.86 V vs. RHE with peroxide production of less than 5 % over the entire potential window. The liquid oil produced during pyrolysis was recovered and underwent a complete chemical characterization.