The <i>FADS1</i> Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha‐linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils–Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2
Maria Lankinen, Vanessa D. de Mello, Topi Meuronen, Taisa Sallinen, J. Arvid Ågren, Kirsi A. Virtanen, Markku Laakso, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Ursula Schwab
Abstract
Scope The article investigates the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and of markers of low‐grade inflammation and glucose‐insulin homeostasis. Methods and results One‐hundred thirty homozygotes men for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT and CC genotypes) were randomized to an 8‐week intervention with either LA‐ or ALA‐enriched diet (13 E% PUFA). The source of LA and ALA are 30–50 mL of sunflower oil (SFO, 62–63% LA) and Camelina sativa oil (CSO, 30– are randomized to an 35% ALA), respectively. In the SFO arm, there is a significant genotype x diet interaction for the proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids ( p < 0.001), disposition index (DI 30 ) ( p = 0.039), and for serum high‐sensitive c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP, p = 0.029) after excluding the participants with hs‐CRP concentration of >10 mg L ‐1 and users of statins or anti‐inflammatory therapy. In the CSO arm, there are significant genotype x diet interactions for n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not for the clinical characteristics. Conclusions The FADS1 genotype modifies the response to high PUFA diets, especially to high‐LA diet. These findings suggest that approaches considering FADS variation may be useful in personalized dietary counseling.