Vison crystals, chiral, and crystalline phases in the Yao-Lee model
Muhammad Akram, Emilian M. Nica, Yuan-Ming Lu, Onur Erten
Abstract
We study the phase diagram of the Yao-Lee model with Kitaev-type spin-orbital interactions in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and external magnetic fields. Unlike the Kitaev model, the Yao-Lee model can still be solved exactly under these perturbations due to the enlarged local Hilbert space. Through a variational analysis, we obtain a rich ground-state phase diagram that consists of a variety of vison crystals with periodic arrangements of background ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ flux (i.e., visons). With an out-of-plane magnetic field, these phases have gapped bulk and chiral edge states, characterized by a Chern number $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and an associated chiral central charge ${c}_{\ensuremath{-}}=\ensuremath{\nu}/2$ of edge states. We also find helical Majorana edge states that are protected by magnetic mirror symmetry. For the bilayer systems, we find that interlayer coupling can also stabilize new topological phases. Our results spotlight the tunability and the accompanying rich physics in exactly solvable spin-orbital generalizations of the Kitaev model.