Advancements in Preventing Sn<sup>2+</sup> Oxidation in Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
K. M. Anoop, Deepak Devadiga, M. S. Sunitha, T.N. Ahipa
Abstract
Materials for perovskite solar cell (PSC) are being developed as possible contenders for the upcoming photovoltaics generation. However, despite their high efficiency, perovskite materials containing lead are not suitable for commercialization due to their toxic nature. As a result, tin (Sn)‐based perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative. Tin‐based perovskites possess similar ionic sizes to lead and exhibit exceptional light absorption properties. Nevertheless, these materials are hindered by the oxidation from Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ , which results in poor stability and suboptimal conversion efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the oxidation mechanism of Sn 2+ and presents an in‐depth discussion of recent advancements in various strategies aimed at preventing this oxidation in FASnI 3 PSCs.