New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Anca Pantea Stoian, Cristina Bică, Teodor Salmen, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al‐Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Alberto Firenze, Massimo Galia, Su‐Yen Goh, Andrej Janež, Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor, Péter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo A. Lotufo, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Luigi Nibali, Νικόλαος Παπάνας, Tiffany M. Powell‐Wiley, Ali A. Rizvi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Raul D. Santos, Peter P. Tóth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo, The Cardiometabolic Panel of International Experts on Syndemic COVID-19 (CAPISCO)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became superimposed on the pre-existing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemics. Since COVID-19 infection alters the metabolic equilibrium, it may induce pathophysiologic mechanisms that potentiate new-onset DM, and we evaluated this issue. METHOD: A systematic review of the literature published from the 1 January 2020 until the 20 July 2023 was performed (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022341638). We included only full-text articles of both human clinical and randomized controlled trials published in English and enrolling adults (age > 18 years old) with ongoing or preceding COVID-19 in whom hyperglycemia was detected. The search was based on the following criteria: "(new-onset diabetes mellitus OR new-onset DM) AND (COVID-19) AND adults". RESULTS: Articles on MEDLINE (n = 70) and the Web of Science database (n = 16) were included and analyzed by two researchers who selected 20 relevant articles. We found evidence of a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and DM. CONCLUSIONS: This link operates as a pathophysiological mechanism supported by epidemiological data and also by the clinical and biological findings obtained from the affected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic raised the incidence of DM through different pathophysiological and psychosocial factors.