An electrochemically driven hybrid interphase enabling stable versatile zinc metal electrodes for aqueous zinc batteries
Dingtao Ma, Fan Li, Kefeng Ouyang, Qiuting Chen, Jinlai Zhao, Minfeng Chen, Ming Yang, Yanyi Wang, Jizhang Chen, Hongwei Mi, Chuanxin He, Peixin Zhang
Abstract
Aqueous Zn ion batteries are advantageous in terms of safety and cost, while their sustainable applications are usually impeded by dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions. Here, we present the development of an electrochemically driven artificial solid-state electrolyte interphase, utilizing a metal surface coupling agent phosphate ester as a protective layer for Zn negative electrodes. Upon cycling, the protective layer in situ transforms into a hybrid phase enriched with well dispersed Zn3(PO4)2 nanocrystals. This transformation ensures a uniform Zn2+ flux, effectively suppresses dendrite growth, and mitigates side reactions. In addition, such protective layer ensures Zn electrode stable plating/stripping performance for 1500 h at 10 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, while pouch cells coupled with NaV3O8·1.5H2O deliver ampere-hour level capacity. Beyond that, its robust adhesion and flexibility enable the Zn electrode to maintain good performance under a variety of harsh conditions. This approach provides valuable insights into the advancement of Zn metal batteries. Practical applications of zinc metal electrodes are hindered by dendrite growth and side reactions. Here, authors propose an electrochemically driven artificial solid interphase forming via in-situ conversion of a phosphate ester-based protective layer. This approach enables stable versatile zinc negative electrodes for aqueous zinc batteries.