Rechargeable LiNi<sub>0.65</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>||Graphite Batteries Operating at −60 °C
Yusi Yang, Yifan Chen, Lulu Tan, Jianwen Zhang, Nan Li, Xiao Ji, Yujie Zhu
Abstract
Abstract The rechargeability of contemporary lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is challenging at low temperatures, mainly due to the hurdles faced by graphite anodes. Herein, by exploiting the Li‐solvent co‐intercalation into graphite, its low‐temperature rechargeability is boosted. Experimental characterizations aided by theoretical calculations demonstrate that the co‐intercalation process is featured by low interfacial resistance with a small charge transfer activation energy (0.23 eV atom −1 ) and an extremely low diffusion energy barrier (0.09 eV atom −1 ) which leads to nearly temperature‐independent diffusion coefficients of the solvated Li‐ion in graphite, enabling graphite to be stably charged‐discharged at −60 °C with 73.7 % of its room‐temperature capacity. Consequently, the full‐cell consisting of a LiNi 0.65 Co 0.15 Mn 0.2 O 2 cathode and a graphite anode shows impressive rechargeability under −60 °C. This work provides an alternative approach to develop low‐temperature rechargeable LIBs.