Ultrasound evaluation of patients with male accessory gland inflammation: a pictorial review
Sandro La Vignera, Andrea Crafa, Rosita A. Condorelli, Federica Barbagallo, Laura M. Mongioì, Rossella Cannarella, Michele Compagnone, Antônio Aversa, Aldo E. Calogero
Abstract
Male accessory gland infection/inflammation (MAGI) is a major cause of male infertility. The importance of ultrasound evaluation in these patients is highly controversial, although evidence of its relevance has increased in recent years. Ultrasound criteria are an important element for confirming the clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, they help to localize the anatomical site or sites of the inflammatory process and in assessing its extension which, in turn, have different consequences on the seminological and symptomatic aspects. This article summarizes the clinical interpretations related to ultrasound aspects in patients with MAGI and the possible effects on the seminological, microbiological, endocrinologic, urological, sexological, and internist aspects.